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Chapter 3 - Configuring the AppleTalk Software

Introduction

Contains a VINES file service or print service (defined by MSERVICE at the DOS or OS/2 workstation) that you want to be accessible from a Macintosh workstation
Has a LAN connection that physically attaches a device that requires AppleTalk

Installing the VINES Option for Macintosh

1. Go to the server. Insert the appropriate Option Key into the Server Key.

2. From the Operator Menu, choose Shut Down Server Software. When you are asked if you really want to shut down all services, type Y and press ENTER. At the Shut Down menu, choose Shut down services and return console to OPERATOR MENU.

3. From the Operator Menu, choose System Maintenance. From the System Maintenance menu, choose the Manage Software Options function.

4. Choose the INSTALL Option Key Contents function. When the key' s contents are installed, you see the Manage Software Options screen. All the options on the server appear, including those you just installed. AppleTalk is listed as AppleTalk Protocol Support. Choose EXIT this screen, or press ESC to return to the System Maintenance Menu.

5. Because the AppleTalk software is a loadable driver, you must rebuild the drivers. To do this, from the System Maintenance menu, choose Configure/Diagnose Server.

6. From the VINES Server Configuration menu, choose Add Cards/Change Card Configuration.

7. From the Add/Change Card menu, choose SAVE configuration and exit. The server will rebuild the drivers and return you to the VINES Server Configuration menu. Choose Return to System Maintenance menu.

8. From the System Maintenance menu, choose Return to Operator Menu.

9. Remove the Option Key.

10. Reboot the server. (The AppleTalk software is not loaded until after you reboot the server.)

Using the AppleTalk Configuration Menus

1. At the server console, display the Operator Menu.

2. Select Manage Communications.

3. At the Manage Communications menu, select AppleTalk. The Manage AppleTalk menu appears, as shown below.

Figure 3-1. Manage AppleTalk Screen

Manage AppleTalk

Server: USCHI001
Netid: 28010826
Version: 7.00

A P P L E T A L K Phase 2

AppleTalk Software is RUNNING
Use arrow keys to select a choice and press <RETURN>

1 - Start/Stop AppleTalk
2 - Manage Ports
3 - Change AppleTalk Phase
4 - Manage Routing Through VINES networks
5 - Display Port Status
6 - Display Routes


ESC to exit; F1 for HELP

Table 3-1 describes the choices on the Manage AppleTalk menu.

Table 3-1. Choices on the Manage AppleTalk Menu

Menu Choice Description
Start/Stop AppleTalk Enables and disables AppleTalk communications. See "Stopping AppleTalk" and "Starting AppleTalk".
Manage Ports Defines a server's physical LAN connection as an AppleTalk port. Defines a VINES AppleTalk port for routing through VINES. (A VINES AppleTalk port does not correspond to a physical port.) Use Manage Ports to configure the VINES AppleTalk port and for LAN connections that attach a Macintosh computer, a LaserWriter printer, or an AppleTalk routing device other than a VINES server. See "Managing AppleTalk Ports".
Change AppleTalk Phase Lets you change from Phase 2 to Phase 1, or from Phase 1 to Phase 2. All of a server's ports must use the same phase; you cannot mix phases on a server. See "Selecting the AppleTalk Phase".
Manage Routing Through VINES Network Lets you designate a server that this server routes AppleTalk packets to using tunneling through VINES. Using this feature, you can reach a server running AppleTalk without having any of the intermediary servers run AppleTalk unless they have AppleTalk devices directly connected. See "Routing Through VINES Networks".
Display Port Status Lets you see whether the initialization of a port was successful. (Initialization occurs after you start AppleTalk.) See "Displaying the Port Status".
Display Routes Shows the AppleTalk routes for this server. "Displaying AppleTalk Routes".

Stopping AppleTalk

Figure 3-2. Manage AppleTalk Screen; AppleTalk Stopped

Manage AppleTalk

Server: USCHI001
Netid: 28010826
Version: 7.00

A P P L E T A L K Phase 2

AppleTalk Software is STOPPED

Use arrow keys to select a choice and press <RETURN>

1 - Start/Stop AppleTalk
2 - Manage Ports
3 - Change AppleTalk Phase
4 - Manage Routing Through VINES networks
5 - Display Port Status
6 - Display Routes


ESC to exit; F1 for HELP

1. Choose Start/Stop AppleTalk from the Manage AppleTalk menu. A screen appears as shown in the following illustration.

Figure 3-3. Start/Stop AppleTalk

START/STOP AppleTalk


Do you really want to stop AppleTalk?

YES NO



<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit.

2. Use the arrow keys to choose YES to stop the software.

3. The configuration program now asks if you want to notify file service users with a one-minute warning, as shown in the following illustration.

Figure 3-4. Notify Users

Do you want to notify users with a one-minute warning?

YES NO


<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit

4. Use the arrow keys to choose YES to warn users, NO if you do not want to warn users. The configuration program returns you to the Manage AppleTalk menu.

Selecting the AppleTalk Phase

1. Go to the Manage AppleTalk menu.

2. Select Change AppleTalk Phase. A screen appears as shown in the following illustration.

Figure 3-5. Change AppleTalk Phase

CHANGE AppleTalk phase

Do you really want to change to AppleTalk Phase 2

YES NO

<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit

3. Use the arrow key to select YES to change the phase.

Managing AppleTalk Ports

Figure 3-6. Manage Ports

Manage Ports

Use arrow keys to select a command and press <RETURN>

ADD a port DELETE port
MODIFY a port ENABLE/DISABLE port
MANAGE zones

Server: USCHI001 AppleTalk Phase 2 STOPPED

Port St Description Network Range Default Zone
---- -- ----------- ------------- ------------

7 E Acct LAN 32-38 Acctg
3 E Mktg LAN 45-50 Mktg
VINES E VINES Port 53 VINES


ESC to exit; F9 for zone details; F1 for HELP

Table 3-2. Functions on Manage Ports Menu

Function Description
ADD a port Defines a LAN connection as an AppleTalk port. An AppleTalk port allows the server to communicate with:
·_
a Macintosh workstation
·_
a PostScript printer that uses the Printer Access Protocol (The Apple LaserWriter IINT, for example, is a PAP-compatible printer)
·_
another AppleTalk router on that LAN
From the ADD a port screens, you can either enter a network number range and default zone, or use the AppleTalk seed feature that lets ports get this information from other routing devices on the same LAN segment. See "Adding an AppleTalk Port".
MODIFY a port Lets you change the definition for any port shown on the screen. See "Modifying a Phase 2 Port".
MANAGE zones Lets you add a zone, delete a zone, and change the default zone. See "Managing AppleTalk Zones".
DELETE port Lets you remove the definition for any port shown on the screen. See "Deleting an AppleTalk Port".
ENABLE/DISABLE port Lets you disable an individual port without stopping AppleTalk, as a troubleshooting aid.The disabled port retains its AppleTalk node address, but is otherwise inactive. See "Enabling/Disabling an AppleTalk Port".

Adding an AppleTalk Port

1. Use Start/Stop AppleTalk on the Manage AppleTalk menu to stop the AppleTalk software first. (You cannot add a port while the AppleTalk software is running.)

2. From the Manage AppleTalk menu, choose Manage Ports.

3. The Manage Ports menu appears. Use the arrow keys to select Add a Port. Press RETURN.

Figure 3-7. Add an AppleTalk Port

ADD an AppleTalk port

Use arrow keys to select from the list below and press <RETURN>
(There are 4 possible network interfaces for AppleTalk)

Interface Slot (AppleTalk port)
--------- ----
MICOM N15210 Ethernet 3
DaynaTALK 4
DaynaTALK 5
VINES

ESC to exit; F1 for help

Figure 3-8. Seed Port

Do you want this AppleTalk port to be a seed port?

YES NO



<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit; F1 for help

Adding a Seed Port to a Phase 2 Network

Figure 3-9. Set AppleTalk Port Configuration

Set AppleTalk port configuration

For each field, type the appropriate information and press <RETURN>.

Description:
Network range start:
Network range end:
Default zone:


F10 when done; ESC to exit; F1 for HELP

Each LAN segment must have a unique network number range associated with it.
AppleTalk ports on that LAN segment must use the same network number range and zone list.
You may configure up to 255 zone names for a LAN segment that supports extended addressing (Phase 2 Ethernet or Token-Ring). You configure the default zone when you add the port. To configure other zone names for a LAN segment, see "Managing AppleTalk Zones".

Table 3-3. AppleTalk Phase 2 Port Configuration Fields

Field Description
Description Any name of up to 32 characters that makes this port easy to identify.
Network Range Start Any number from 1 to 65279 that is not used in the network number range of any other LAN segment on your network (or of a network that you plan to connect to your network). The number cannot overlap any other network range. (See examples of ranges in "Assigning Network Numbers and Network Number Ranges" in Chapter 2.)
Network Range End Any number from 1 to 65279 that is not used in the network number range of any other LAN segment on your network (or a network that you plan to connect to your network). This number must be greater than or equal to Network Range Start. You must enter a number in this field; you cannot leave it blank.
There are no special rules concerning the size of the range; the network range start could be 1 and the network range end could be 65279. (See examples of network number ranges in "Assigning Network Numbers and Network Number Ranges" in Chapter 2.)
Note that if you have a mixed network (one that contains both Phase 1 routers and Phase 2 routers-either VINES servers or other AppleTalk routers, or a network that contains a transition bridge), the network range start and network range end must be equal. For example, if the network range start is 5, then the network range end must also be 5. This is necessary to ensure compatibility with the Phase 1 segments.
Default Zone Any name of up to 32 characters that is initially associated with the network resources on this LAN segment. Remember that a zone is a logical grouping. It does not need to be related to its physical location. However, to be in the same zone, the LAN segments must be on the same internet. (In other words, if there are two LAN segments with the zone name Engineering and they cannot reach each other, they are considered two separate zones.) The default zone appears as the default zone name for the attached LAN segment. (To configure more zones or change the default zone for this LAN segment, use MANAGE ZONES to add the additional zone names.)

Figure 3-10. Set AppleTalk Port Configuration; Mixed Phase Network

Set AppleTalk port configuration

For each field, type the appropriate information and press <RETURN>.


Description: Mktg LAN
Network range start: 44
Network range end: 44
Default zone: Marketing's LAN


F10 when done; ESC to exit; F1 for HELP

Figure 3-11. AppleTalk Port Enabling

Should this AppleTalk port be enabled?

YES NO

<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit; F1 for help

Adding a Non-Seed Port to a Phase 2 Network

Figure 3-12. AppleTalk Port Enabling

Should this AppleTalk port be enabled?

YES NO

<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit; F1 for help

Special Cases

LocalTalk LAN Segments

VINES Ports

VINES ports can only be seed ports. If you are defining a VINES port, you are not asked if you want it to be a seed port; it automatically is configured as a seed port.
VINES ports, even in a Phase 2 network, have a single network number and a single zone assigned.

Modifying a Phase 2 Port

Table 3-4. Information on the MODIFY a Port Screen

Field Description
Port The slot number (port) in which the LAN card is installed. For a VINES port, this field displays the word VINES.
St The port's status as E (Enabled) or D (Disabled). This corresponds to the status chosen through the ENABLE/DISABLE an AppleTalk Port screen. To find out if a port initialized properly, use Display Port Status from the Manage AppleTalk menu.
Description The description entered as part of the port definition.
Network Range For a seed port, this field shows the network range assigned as part of the port definition. If the network range start and network range end are equal, only one number appears. For example, if the network range start and network range end are both 10, only the number 10 appears; it does not appear as 10-10. For a non-seed port, this field displays "non-seed," indicating that the port picks up its network number range from another router on the LAN segment.
If you change the network number range to a new range, reboot the Macintosh workstations on the affected LAN segment so that they pick up the new range.
Default Zone For a seed port, this field shows the default zone name assigned as part of the port definition. The default zone is the zone to which any node on a particular network belongs until a different zone is explicitly selected. For a non-seed port, this field is left blank, indicating the port picks up its zone list from another router on the LAN segment. You can press CTRL-F 9 (or the equivalent key combination described on the bottom line of the screen) to see all of the zone details for a particular port. The word "DEF" to the left of a zone name indicates the default zone.

1. Use the arrow keys to select the port you want to modify, and press RETURN.

2. Unless the port is a VINES port, you are asked again if you want this port to be either a non-seed port or a seed port. If the port is a seed port, the configuration program asks you if you want it to be a non-seed port. NO is highlighted. If you do not want to change the port' s type, press the RETURN key. To change the port's type, use the arrow keys.

If you cannot remember what type of port this is, use ESCAPE or the equivalent key to return to the Manage Ports menu. If the port is a non-seed port, "Non-seed" appears under Network Number or Network Range.

3. Now you can change any information for that port. (If a screen appears that allows you to change only the description for a port, it means that AppleTalk is still running. If AppleTalk is running, the description is the only information that you can change for a port.)

Verifying Age Out

1. From the VINES Network Summary menu, choose SHOW topology information. Use the arrow keys to highlight the server and press RETURN.

2. From the Protocol Information screen, choose AppleTalk Zones.

3. On the Table Data screen, look to see if the old zone information still exists.

Deleting an AppleTalk Port

1. Use Start/Stop AppleTalk on the Manage AppleTalk menu to stop the AppleTalk software first. (You cannot delete a port while the AppleTalk software is running.)

2. Choose Manage Ports from the Manage AppleTalk menu.

3. The Manage Ports menu appears. Use the arrow keys to select Delete Port. Press RETURN.

4. Use the arrow keys to select the port you want to delete.

5. Press RETURN to delete the port. The screen shown in the following illustration appears.

Figure 3-13. Delete an AppleTalk Port

DELETE an AppleTalk port

Do you really want to delete this AppleTalk port?

YES NO

<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit

6. Use the arrow keys to select YES or NO, then press RETURN.

7. Use Start/Stop AppleTalk on the Manage AppleTalk menu to restart the AppleTalk software.

Enabling/Disabling an AppleTalk Port

1. Choose Manage Ports from the Manage AppleTalk menu. The Manage Ports menu appears.

2. Use the arrow keys to select Enable/Disable Port. Press RETURN.

3. Use the arrow keys to select the port you want to enable or disable. Press RETURN. The ENABLE/DISABLE an AppleTalk Port menu appears, as shown in the following figure.

Figure 3-14. Enable/Disable an AppleTalk Port

ENABLE/DISABLE an AppleTalk port

This port is currently disabled.
To change the port' s status, select Enable or Disable and
press <RETURN>.

ENABLE DISABLE


<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit; F1 for HELP.

4. Use the arrow keys to select ENABLE or DISABLE. Press RETURN.

Managing AppleTalk Zones

1. Use Start/Stop AppleTalk on the Manage AppleTalk menu to stop the AppleTalk software first. (You cannot manage zones while the AppleTalk software is running.)

2. Choose Manage Ports from the Manage AppleTalk menu.

3. The Manage Ports menu appears. Use the arrow keys to select Manage Zones. Press RETURN.

4. Use the arrow keys to select a port whose zones you want to manage. Press RETURN.

The menu in the following illustration appears.

Figure 3-15. Manage Zones

MANAGE Zones

Use arrow keys to select a command and press <RETURN>

ADD a zone CHANGE default zone
DELETE a zone

Use arrow keys to select a choice and press <RETURN>
(There are 3 zones defined for AppleTalk port 3)

Zone Type Zone Name
--------- ---------

DEF Admin
Tax
Finance

ESC to exit; F1 for HELP

Adding a Zone

1. Use Start/Stop AppleTalk on the Manage AppleTalk menu to stop the AppleTalk software first. (You cannot add zones while the AppleTalk software is running.)

2. Choose Manage Ports from the Manage AppleTalk menu.

3. The Manage Ports menu appears. Use the arrow keys to select Manage Zones. Press RETURN.

4. Use the arrow keys to select a port whose zones you want to manage. Press RETURN.

5. Use the arrow keys to select Add a Zone. Press RETURN. The screen in the following illustration appears.

Figure 3-16. Add a Zone

ADD a zone

Type in the name of a zone used by the network attached
to this port. A zone name cannot exceed 32 characters.
The zone name can contain any alphanumeric character and
is treated as case-insensitive.

Zone name:

F10 when done; ESC to exit, F1 for HELP

6. Type in the name of a zone used by the network attached to this port. A zone is an arbitrary designation for a particular segment of the network. Zones allow you to logically group together different resources, regardless of physical location.

A zone name cannot exceed 32 characters. The zone name can contain any alphanumeric character and is treated as case-insensitive. For example, ACCOUNTING, Accounting, and accounting are all considered to be the same zone name. Be sure not to add any trailing spaces in the zone name.

With AppleTalk Phase 2, you can have more than one zone per network. Any node in any part of the network can belong to any zone.

7. When you have finished typing the zone name, press F10 or RETURN.

Changing the Default Zone for AppleTalk Services

Your server is a non-router by having only one physical port configured for AppleTalk and by disabling AppleTalk tunneling (refer to Disabling AppleTalk Routing).
The single AppleTalk port is a seed port. If the port is a non-seedport (displayed as such under Network Range), refer to instructions for a pre-existing non-seed port below.

1. At the Operator Menu of your server console, choose Manage Communications (option 7).

2. At the Manage Communications screen, choose AppleTalk (option 3).

3. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, if AppleTalk is running, choose Start/Stop AppleTalk (option 1) and stop AppleTalk.

4. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, choose Manage Ports (option 2).

5. At the Manage Ports screen, use F9 to display the list of zones assigned to the port. The screen displays the entire list of zones, if more than one has been assigned, and denotes the default zone with a DEF label.

6. At the Manage Ports screen, select MANAGE zones and select the single port displayed.

7. At the Manage Zones screen, the entire list of zones assigned to the port is listed under Zone Name and the default zone is labelled as ÒDEFÓ under Zone Type.

If the zone you wish to use is not in this list, and it is a valid zone for the attached network, use ADD a zone to add the zone name to the list. You do not need to delete any of the other zones to reassign the default zone.

8. At the Manage Zones screen, select Change default zone to display the Zone Names along with the ÒDEFÓ label under Zone Type for the default zone.

9. Select the desired zone name and press RETURN. At the query window asking for confirmation: Do you really want this zone to be the default? select YES.

1. Use MODIFY a port from the Manage Ports screen to change it into a seed port.

2. At the MODIFY an AppleTalk port screen, enter the Description and the port's correct Network Range (invalid entries include 0 and non-numeric data).

3. Enter the desired zone name as your "default" zone.

Restricting AppleTalk Services to a Single Zone

1. At the Operator Menu of your server console, choose Manage Communications (option 7).

2. At the Manage Communications screen, choose AppleTalk (option 3).

3. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, if AppleTalk is running, choose Start/Stop AppleTalk (option 1) and stop AppleTalk.

4. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, choose Manage Ports (option 2).

5. At the Manage Ports screen, select ADD a port from the menu. The Set AppleTalk Port Configuration screen appears.

6. Enter the required information for Description, Network number (only one number, not a range, is required when configuring the VINES interface as a port), and the particular zone to which you want this port to belong.

7. Press RETURN or F10. The Set Default Home Zone screen appears with the following query:
Do you want AppleTalk services on this server to be registered in this port's zone only?

8. Choose YES (default is NO) to confirm that you want AppleTalk services restricted to the zone specified earlier.

9. Choose YES to enable this port at the Should this AppleTalk port be enabled? query.

The Manage Ports screen displays the VINES interface as being a configured AppleTalk port. The Default Zone field displays the specified zone name.

10. Press F9 to show zone details. The zone designated as Zone Type HOM (home) under Zone List is used to register AppleTalk services.

You can change the zone designated as HOM for the VINES interface by selecting MODIFY a port.

Changing the Zone Name

1. Stop AppleTalk. The AppleTalk software cannot be running; if it is, the only information you can modify is the description of the port. Wait at least one minute for the port to age out of (disappear from) the network.

2. Choose Manage Ports from the Manage AppleTalk menu.

3. The Manage Ports menu appears. Use the arrow keys to select Modify a port. Press RETURN.

4. Select the port whose zone name you want to change. Press RETURN.

5. Use the arrow keys to position the cursor on the Default Zone field. Type in the new name and press RETURN.

Deleting a Zone

1. Add a new zone.

2. Make the new zone the default zone.

1. Stop AppleTalk. You cannot delete a port while the AppleTalk software is running.

2. Choose Manage Ports from the Manage AppleTalk menu.

3. The Manage Ports menu appears. Use the arrow keys to select Manage Zones. Press RETURN.

4. Use the arrow keys to select a port whose zones you want to manage. Press RETURN.

5. Use the arrow keys to select Delete a Zone. Press RETURN.

6. Use the arrow keys to select the zone you want to delete. Press RETURN. The menu in the following illustration appears, asking you to confirm your choice.

Figure 3-17. Delete a Zone

DELETE a zone
Do you really want to delete this zone?

YES NO

<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit

7. Use the arrow keys to select YES. Press RETURN.

Routing Through VINES Networks

The server you want to reach must have either an AppleTalk port (or ports) or a VINES port.
You must designate the server as one you want to reach.

Figure 3-18. Sample Use of Tunneling to Route Through VINES

Table 3-5. Designating Servers

 On Server USCHI120  On Server USCHI199
 Designate Server USCHI199 as a server you want to reach  No designation necessary

Configuring Routing Through VINES

Figure 3-19. Manage Routing Through VINES Networks

Manage Routing through VINES Networks

Use arrow keys to select a command and press <RETURN>

ADD a server entry DELETE a server entry
ENABLE/DISABLE a server entry CHANGE routing restriction

Server: USCHI027 AppleTalk Phase 2 RUNNING
Routing RESTRICTED
Server Serial No. Status
------ ---------- ----------
USCHI199 2110852 ENABLED
USCHI207 3203829 ENABLED
ESBAR011 1987483 ENABLED

ESC to exit; F1 for HELP

Table 3-6. Functions on Manage Routing Through VINES Networks Menu

Field Description
ADD a Server Entry Lets you designate a server as a destination server that supports encapsulation and de-encapsulation of AppleTalk packets. See the following section, "Adding a Server Entry."
ENABLE/DISABLE a Server Entry Lets you temporarily enable or disable the support for encapsulation and de-encapsulation to a particular server. See "Enabling/Disabling a Server Entry".
DELETE a Server Entry Lets you delete a server from participation in encapsulation and de-encapsulation. The server still exists in the VINES network, but is no longer sent encapsulated AppleTalk packets. See "Deleting a Server Entry".
CHANGE Routing Restriction Allows you to restrict which servers can communicate with this server using AppleTalk communications. See "Changing Routing Restrictions".

Adding a Server Entry

1. From the Manage AppleTalk menu, choose Manage Routing through VINES Networks. A menu similar to the one in "Configuring Routing Through VINES" appears, listing VINES servers with which you have communicated recently.

2. Use the arrow keys to choose a server to add to the list of servers that support encapsulation and de-encapsulation of AppleTalk packets. Press RETURN to specify the server.

If the server you want to add does not appear on this list, it means that the server has never communicated with the server you are using, or that it has not done so recently. To add a server that does not appear on the list, you must specify its serial number. Follow these steps to specify the serial number:

a. Press F2 (or press the equivalent keys for your keyboard; see the bottom line that appears on the menu for details.) A screen appears that prompts you for the serial number of the server you want to add.

b. Enter the serial number of the server you want to add. Press RETURN.

Enabling/Disabling a Server Entry

1. Choose ENABLE/DISABLE a Server Entry from the Manage Routing through VINES Networks menu.

2. Use the arrow keys to select ENABLE or DISABLE, then press RETURN.

Deleting a Server Entry

1. Choose DELETE a Server Entry from the Manage Routing through VINES Networks menu.

2. Use the arrow keys to select YES to delete a server entry or NO to cancel the delete, then press RETURN.

Changing Routing Restrictions

1. Choose CHANGE Routing Restrictions from the Manage Routing through VINES Networks menu.

2. Use the arrow keys to select YES or NO, then press RETURN.

1. Use ADD a Server Entry and add that server to the list of servers that can communicate with this server.

2. Enable the server, either by specifying that the server is to be enabled when you add it, or by later using ENABLE/DISABLE a Server Entry to enable it.

Starting AppleTalk

1. Choose Start/Stop AppleTalk from the Manage AppleTalk menu. A screen appears as shown in the following illustration.

Figure 3-20. Start/Stop AppleTalk

START/STOP AppleTalk

Do you really want to start AppleTalk?

YES NO

<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit.

2. Use the arrow keys to choose YES.

3. Press RETURN.

Starting the VINES AFP Service

Disabling AppleTalk Routing

Configure only one physical port as an AppleTalk port. The VINES interface when configured as a port is not considered a physical port.
Disable AppleTalk tunneling by setting Routing through VINES Networks to RESTRICTED and having no servers specified or enabled for tunneling.

1. At the Operator Menu of your server console, choose Manage Communications (option 7).

2. At the Manage Communications screen, choose AppleTalk (option3).

3. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, if AppleTalk is running, choose Start/Stop AppleTalk (option 1) and stop AppleTalk.

4. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, choose Manage Ports (option 2).

5. Choose either ADD a port, MODIFY a port or DELETE port to make sure that only ONE physical port is configured. The port can be configured either as a seed or a non-seed port.

1. At the Operator Menu of your server console, choose Manage Communications (option 7).

2. At the Manage Communications screen, choose AppleTalk (option 3).

3. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, if AppleTalk is running, choose Start/Stop AppleTalk (option 1) and stop AppleTalk.

4. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, choose Manage Routing through VINES Networks (option 4).

5. At the Manage Routing through VINES Networks screen, ensure that Routing is RESTRICTED and that there are no server entries at all (either enabled or disabled).

System Log

WARNING: This server is currently running as an AppleTalk end node, and not as an AppleTalk router.

WARNING: To configure AppleTalk tunneling, AppleTalk must be stopped first on this server.

Displaying the Port Status

1. Choose Display Port Status from the Manage AppleTalk menu.

2. Press RETURN. A screen appears as shown in the following illustration.

Figure 3-21. Display Port Status

Display port status

Port Net Node Status NetRange Flags NumZones
---- --- ---- ------ -------- ----- --------

VINES 690 128 CONFIRMED 690-690 617 1
3 555 128 CONFLICT 555-570 312 1


ESC to exit; F9 for zone details; F1 for HELP

Table 3-7. Port Status Fields for Phase 2

Field Description
Port Displays the slot number (port) in which the LAN card is installed. For a VINES port, this field displays VINES.
Net Displays the actual network number within the network number range of the LAN segment connected through this port. While the AppleTalk port is initializing, though, an unusual number may appear in this field. This is normal, and part of the initialization process. When the port is initializing, it uses a number in a preliminary startup range. It then probes to find an address in the real range.
Node Shows the node ID of the server on which this port resides.
Status Shows the status of the port. See Table 3-8 for a list of the statuses and their meanings.
NetRange For a seed port, this field shows the network range assigned as part of the port configuration. For a non-seed port, this field displays "non-seed," indicating that the port picks up its network number range from another router on the LAN segment.
Flags Indicates which flags are set for the routing table entry. These flags provide internal routing software with descriptive information about the entry. See Table 3-9 for a description of these flags.
NumZones Shows how many zones are configured for this port. If this is a non-seed port, this field shows how many zones were discovered (in other words, how many zones for which it received zone information). You can press CTRL-F9 (or the equivalent key combination described on the bottom line of the screen) to see all of the zone details for a particular port. The word DEF to the left of a zone name indicates the default zone.

Table 3-8. Port Status Meanings

Status Meaning
ALONE The port is a seed port and was not able to find any other routers on its LAN segment. If you do not have any other routers on this LAN segment, this is a normal status. If, however, you do have other routers on this LAN segment, a status of ALONE indicates that this port cannot communicate with them. (See NEED INFO, following, for the corresponding status for a non-seed port.)
CONFIRMED The port has successfully initialized.
CONFLICT There is a problem with your configuration. AppleTalk shuts the port down automatically if there is a conflict. Look at the operating system error log for details of the conflict.
INITIALIZING The port is in the process of verifying configuration information and performing other functions that determine whether it becomes operational.
NEED INFO This port is a non-seed port and was not able to find any other routers on its LAN segment or any routers with seed ports that could give it its network number and zone information. If you do not have any other routers on this LAN segment, this is the expected status, and this port remains active. However, you should reconfigure this port as a seed port if there are no other routers on this LAN segment. If you do have other routers on this LAN segment, NEED INFO indicates that this port cannot communicate with them. (See ALONE, earlier, for the corresponding status for a seed port.)
SHUTDOWN This indicates an operating system problem that caused AppleTalk to shut down the port. It is an unusual error, one that would most likely happen if your server was not configured with a large enough communication buffer. (You configure the communication buffer using the VINES Server Configuration menu on the server.) Another probable cause would be if your network exceeded the node limit for AppleTalk. (For example, if you have more than 254 nodes on a mixed phase network.)
USER DISABLED The port was disabled by the user. (The port will not continue the initialization process.)

Port Status Flags

 15  14  13  12  11  10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0
  0   0   0   0   0   0  0  0  0  0  1  0  0  0  1  1

Using the Port Status Flag Table

 15  14  13  12  11  10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0
  0   0   0   0   0   0  1  0  0  0  0  1  0  1  1  1

Table 3-9. Port Status Flags and Their Meanings

Flag Meaning
Bit 0 (0x1) If this bit is 1, the port was enabled manually through the AppleTalk configuration program. If this bit is 0, the port is disabled.
Bit 1 (0x2) If this bit is 1, the port is a seed port. If this bit is 0, the port is a non-seed port.
Bit 2 (0x4) The port no longer has to wait for its configuration information, such as zone names and network numbers, to be verified. The bit is set when the port is fully operational.
Bit 3 (0x8) The port is waiting for the results of an AppleTalk ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) probe broadcast. This broadcast determines whether the AppleTalk internet address that the AppleTalk software dynamically selected for the port is in use by another AppleTalk node on the attached LAN segment. For more information on the AppleTalk protocols, see Monitoring and Optimizing a VINES Network.
Bit 4 (0x10) For AppleTalk Phase 2 ports, the server sets this flag when the initial probe was successful and the server found an unused node ID within the startup range for the port. The address is considered preliminary, and does not become final until the re-probe succeeds.
Bit 5 (0x5) For AppleTalk Phase 2 ports only. The flag indicates that the AppleTalk ARP re-probe is in progress. The re-probe occurs after the first probe succeeds and the network range for the port is verified or discovered. The purpose of the re-probe is to determine whether the dynamically selected node ID is unique within the network range for the cable.
Bit 6 (0x40) For AppleTalk Phase 2 ports, this flag indicates that a GetNetInfo broadcast is being sent on the cable, and the server is waiting for a response. The purpose of this broadcast is to obtain or verify a network number or range of network numbers for the port.
Bit 7 (0x80) Indicates that a ZIP query is being sent on the port to obtain or verify a zone name or list of zone names for the cable. The flag is turned off when replies to the broadcast are received and successfully processed.
Bit 8 (0x100) Indicates that the port is not operational. This can be caused by any number of problems, ranging from no available AppleTalk internet addresses on the cable to insufficient communication buffers. When no AppleTalk internet addresses are available, they are all in use by other nodes on the cable. See Monitoring and Optimizing a VINES Network for information on increasing communication buffers.
Bit 9 (0x200) Indicates that the server is the only router on the cable associated with the port.
Bit 10 (0x400) Indicates that the port is for tunneling AppleTalk traffic through VINES. The port is not associated with a LAN card.
Bits 11 through 15 Reserved for future use. Currently, these bits are set to zero.

Displaying AppleTalk Routes

1. Choose Display Routes from the Manage AppleTalk menu.

2. Press RETURN. A screen appears as shown in the following illustration.

Figure 3-22. AppleTalk Routes 3 Table Entries

AppleTalk routes 3 table entries

 #  RngBeg  RngEnd  Port  TTL  Flags  NxNt  NxtNo  Hops  NZones  Netid
1 690 690 0 20 11 690 128 0 1 2402626
2 2 2 0 8 17 95 128 2 0 24001127
3` 3 3 0 8 17 95 128 1 0 23110898




ESC to exit; F1 for HELP

Table 3-10. Display Routes Fields

Field Description
RngBeg Displays the first network number in the range of network numbers for the destination network. For example, if the network number range for the network is 5-7, this field would display 5.
If the destination network is a non-extended network, RngBeg and RngEnd display the same number.
RngEnd Displays the last network number in the range of network numbers for the destination network. For example, if the network number range for the network is 5-7, this field would display 7.
If the destination network is a non-extended network, RngBeg and RngEnd display the same number.
Port The slot number of the port (that is, the interface) that the server uses to reach the destination network. If the port is a VINES port, this field displays the word VINES.
TTL Displays the current time-to-live timer, in two-second units, for this routing table entry. These timers are used to remove routing table entries for networks that are unreachable or are no longer in existence. If the timer expires before a Routing Table Maintenance Protocol (RTMP) update that contains the network number(s) of the network is received, the entry is removed. Each time an update is received and the update indicates that the network is reachable or still in existence, the timer is reset to 20 seconds.
Flags Indicates which flags are set for the routing table entry. These flags provide internal routing software with descriptive information about the entry, such as whether the destination network is reachable. See "Routing Table Flags" for a description of these flags.
NxNt Displays the network number in the AppleTalk internet address of the router that is used to reach the destination network. Each AppleTalk internet address contains a network number and a node ID. The network number identifies the network to which the node belongs. The node ID uniquely identifies the node within the network.
If the destination network is directly connected to the server (that is, on the same LAN segment), this field displays the server's own network number for that network.
NxNo Displays the node ID in the AppleTalk internet address of the router that is used to reach the destination network. If the destination network is directly connected to the server (that is, resides on the same LAN segment), this field displays the server's node ID for that network.
Hops Displays the number of hops (that is, intermediate routers) to the destination network. If the destination network is directly connected to the server (that is, resides on the same LAN segment), this field displays 0 hops.
NZones The number of AppleTalk zones to which the destination network belongs. Each AppleTalk network has a zone list, which contains the names of the zones in the network. This field displays the number of entries in the network's zone list.
Netid If the route supports tunneling through a VINES network, this field displays the network ID of the VINES server that acts as the router on the other side of the network. Otherwise, this field displays 0.

Routing Table Flags

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Table 3-11. Routing Flag Meanings

Flag Meaning
Bit 0 (0x1) The entry is reliable and can be used.
Bit 1 (0x2) The entry can be used, but has aged. The entry may not be reliable.
Bit 2 (0x4) The entry is not usable. It is about to be deleted from the routing table.
Bit 3 (0x8) The entry is for an AppleTalk extended network. Extended networks can have more than one network number. Extended networks apply to AppleTalk Phase 2 only.
Bit 4 (0x10) The entry is for an AppleTalk non-extended network. A non-extended network cannot have more than one network number. This type of network would be an AppleTalk Phase 1 network or a LocalTalk network.
Bit 5 (0x20) The server does not know the zone names for the destination network in the entry.
Bit 6 (0x40) The destination network is targeted for a Zone Information Protocol (ZIP) takedown. The network undergoes a ZIP takedown when the name of a zone to which the network belongs is changed. During a takedown, the network is unavailable. It is brought up by a ZIP bringup, which is a packet containing the name of the new zone.
Bit 7 (0x80) The gateway to the destination network is a VINES server. AppleTalk packets that are forwarded along this route are tunneled through a VINES network, which means that they are encapsulated in VINES Internet Protocol (VINES IP) headers.

What to Do Next

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