Chapter 3 - Configuring the AppleTalk Software
You must install the option software and configure either an AppleTalk port or a VINES port on any server that:
Contains a VINES file service or print service (defined by MSERVICE at the DOS or OS/2 workstation) that you want to be accessible from a Macintosh workstation Has a LAN connection that physically attaches a device that requires AppleTalk
If only the first case is true, you also need to configure routing through VINES (tunneling). We describe how to configure for routing through VINES in "Routing Through VINES Networks".
Installing the VINES Option for Macintosh
To use the AppleTalk configuration menus, the VINES Option for Macintosh must be installed on your server. If you purchased a server with these options from Banyan, the optional software is already installed, so you can skip to "Using the AppleTalk Configuration Menus".
If you are installing the VINES Option for Macintosh on a server that does not have the optional software, you must add that software to the server. This section summarizes what you need to do to install this option. If you need more detailed instructions, see the section on managing software options in the Banyan Server Operations Guide.
Note: If your option came with a card containing an Option Code and Option Enabler, see the Banyan Server Operations Guide for instructions on installing these codes.
The steps for installing the optional software are:
1. Go to the server. Insert the appropriate Option Key into the Server Key.
2. From the Operator Menu, choose Shut Down Server Software. When you are asked if you really want to shut down all services, type Y and press ENTER. At the Shut Down menu, choose Shut down services and return console to OPERATOR MENU.
3. From the Operator Menu, choose System Maintenance. From the System Maintenance menu, choose the Manage Software Options function.
4. Choose the INSTALL Option Key Contents function. When the key' s contents are installed, you see the Manage Software Options screen. All the options on the server appear, including those you just installed. AppleTalk is listed as AppleTalk Protocol Support. Choose EXIT this screen, or press ESC to return to the System Maintenance Menu.
5. Because the AppleTalk software is a loadable driver, you must rebuild the drivers. To do this, from the System Maintenance menu, choose Configure/Diagnose Server.
6. From the VINES Server Configuration menu, choose Add Cards/Change Card Configuration.
7. From the Add/Change Card menu, choose SAVE configuration and exit. The server will rebuild the drivers and return you to the VINES Server Configuration menu. Choose Return to System Maintenance menu.
8. From the System Maintenance menu, choose Return to Operator Menu.
9. Remove the Option Key.
10. Reboot the server. (The AppleTalk software is not loaded until after you reboot the server.)
The software installation process is now complete.
Using the AppleTalk Configuration Menus
You configure AppleTalk ports using the AppleTalk configuration menus. To reach the AppleTalk configuration menus, follow these steps:
1. At the server console, display the Operator Menu.
2. Select Manage Communications.
3. At the Manage Communications menu, select AppleTalk. The Manage AppleTalk menu appears, as shown below.
Manage AppleTalk
Server: USCHI001
Netid: 28010826
Version: 7.00
A P P L E T A L K Phase 2
AppleTalk Software is RUNNING
Use arrow keys to select a choice and press <RETURN>
1 - Start/Stop AppleTalk
2 - Manage Ports
3 - Change AppleTalk Phase
4 - Manage Routing Through VINES networks
5 - Display Port Status
6 - Display Routes
ESC to exit; F1 for HELPTable 3-1 describes the choices on the Manage AppleTalk menu.
Menu Choice | Description |
Start/Stop AppleTalk | Enables and disables AppleTalk communications. See "Stopping AppleTalk" and "Starting AppleTalk". |
Manage Ports | Defines a server's physical LAN connection as an AppleTalk port. Defines a VINES AppleTalk port for routing through VINES. (A VINES AppleTalk port does not correspond to a physical port.) Use Manage Ports to configure the VINES AppleTalk port and for LAN connections that attach a Macintosh computer, a LaserWriter printer, or an AppleTalk routing device other than a VINES server. See "Managing AppleTalk Ports". |
Change AppleTalk Phase | Lets you change from Phase 2 to Phase 1, or from Phase 1 to Phase 2. All of a server's ports must use the same phase; you cannot mix phases on a server. See "Selecting the AppleTalk Phase". |
Manage Routing Through VINES Network | Lets you designate a server that this server routes AppleTalk packets to using tunneling through VINES. Using this feature, you can reach a server running AppleTalk without having any of the intermediary servers run AppleTalk unless they have AppleTalk devices directly connected. See "Routing Through VINES Networks". |
Display Port Status | Lets you see whether the initialization of a port was successful. (Initialization occurs after you start AppleTalk.) See "Displaying the Port Status". |
Display Routes | Shows the AppleTalk routes for this server. "Displaying AppleTalk Routes". |
You cannot configure AppleTalk ports while the AppleTalk software is running. Look at the Manage AppleTalk menu. The menu should display "AppleTalk software is STOPPED" near the top of the screen, as shown in the following illustration.
Manage AppleTalk
Server: USCHI001
Netid: 28010826
Version: 7.00
A P P L E T A L K Phase 2
AppleTalk Software is STOPPED
Use arrow keys to select a choice and press <RETURN>
1 - Start/Stop AppleTalk
2 - Manage Ports
3 - Change AppleTalk Phase
4 - Manage Routing Through VINES networks
5 - Display Port Status
6 - Display Routes
ESC to exit; F1 for HELP
If the menu says "AppleTalk software is RUNNING," follow these steps to stop the AppleTalk software.
1. Choose Start/Stop AppleTalk from the Manage AppleTalk menu. A screen appears as shown in the following illustration.
START/STOP AppleTalk
Do you really want to stop AppleTalk?
YES NO
<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit.2. Use the arrow keys to choose YES to stop the software.
Note: Two types of services, AFP (AppleTalk Filing Protocol) and PostScript print queues, use the AppleTalk software. When you stop the AppleTalk software, AFP and the print queues also stop.
3. The configuration program now asks if you want to notify file service users with a one-minute warning, as shown in the following illustration.
Do you want to notify users with a one-minute warning?
YES NO
<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit4. Use the arrow keys to choose YES to warn users, NO if you do not want to warn users. The configuration program returns you to the Manage AppleTalk menu.
If you choose to warn users, you cannot restart AppleTalk until at least one minute has passed. Macintosh users with AFP volumes mounted from this server will receive a one-minute warning message in an alert box on the Macintosh workstation, and another message when AppleTalk stops. These users need to log in to the server again when AppleTalk restarts and AFP re-registers its NBP (Name Binding Protocol) name. For more information on NBP and other AppleTalk protocols, see Monitoring and Optimizing Servers or Inside AppleTalk.
If AppleTalk is stopped when you shut down the server, it is stopped when you bring it back up again. If AppleTalk is running when you shut down the server, it is running when you bring it back up again. You can leave AppleTalk running when you shut down the server, even through a reboot. AFP, which depends on AppleTalk, recognizes that the server is being shut down and sends an alert message to all Macintosh workstations that have file volumes mounted on that server. The users receive a 60-second warning that the server is going down.
The Manage AppleTalk menu tells you which AppleTalk phase, Phase 1 or Phase 2, is currently selected. If the phase displayed on the menu is not the phase you want, use the Change AppleTalk Phase menu to change it.
Caution: Changing from AppleTalk Phase 1 to Phase 2 and back again can result in conflicting network number and zone information.
Follow these steps to change the AppleTalk phase.
1. Go to the Manage AppleTalk menu.
2. Select Change AppleTalk Phase. A screen appears as shown in the following illustration.
CHANGE AppleTalk phase
Do you really want to change to AppleTalk Phase 2
YES NO
<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit3. Use the arrow key to select YES to change the phase.
Note: Be sure that you choose the correct phase; Phase 1 and Phase 2 have different menus and screens.
The phase you choose applies to the server and all the ports on that server. In other words, if you choose Phase 2, all ports on that server are Phase 2 ports.
We describe the menus and screens for Phase 2 in the following sections. For Phase 1 menus and screens, see Appendix A.
LAN segments connect to a card in a slot on the server. An AppleTalk port is a logical connection that corresponds to the slot. To configure AppleTalk, you must configure the AppleTalk ports.
Once you configure one or more AppleTalk ports and then start AppleTalk, the VINES server will begin operating as an AppleTalk router.
To configure ports, go to the Manage AppleTalk menu and select Manage Ports. The Manage Ports menu shown in the following illustration appears.
Manage Ports
Use arrow keys to select a command and press <RETURN>
ADD a port DELETE port
MODIFY a port ENABLE/DISABLE port
MANAGE zones
Server: USCHI001 AppleTalk Phase 2 STOPPED
Port St Description Network Range Default Zone
---- -- ----------- ------------- ------------
7 E Acct LAN 32-38 Acctg
3 E Mktg LAN 45-50 Mktg
VINES E VINES Port 53 VINES
ESC to exit; F9 for zone details; F1 for HELP
This menu shows all ports that have been configured. If no ports are listed, none have been configured.
Table 3-2 describes the functions that you can perform from the Manage Ports menu for AppleTalk Phase 2.
Function | Description |
ADD a port |
Defines a LAN connection as an AppleTalk port.
An AppleTalk port allows the server to communicate with: ·_a Macintosh workstation ·_a PostScript printer that uses the Printer Access Protocol (The Apple LaserWriter IINT, for example, is a PAP-compatible printer) ·_another AppleTalk router on that LAN From the ADD a port screens, you can either enter a network number range and default zone, or use the AppleTalk seed feature that lets ports get this information from other routing devices on the same LAN segment. See "Adding an AppleTalk Port". |
MODIFY a port | Lets you change the definition for any port shown on the screen. See "Modifying a Phase 2 Port". |
MANAGE zones | Lets you add a zone, delete a zone, and change the default zone. See "Managing AppleTalk Zones". |
DELETE port | Lets you remove the definition for any port shown on the screen. See "Deleting an AppleTalk Port". |
ENABLE/DISABLE port | Lets you disable an individual port without stopping AppleTalk, as a troubleshooting aid.The disabled port retains its AppleTalk node address, but is otherwise inactive. See "Enabling/Disabling an AppleTalk Port". |
You must define a LAN connection as an AppleTalk port to allow the server to communicate with a Macintosh, a PAP-compatible PostScript printer, or another AppleTalk routing device on the LAN segment connected to that port. The maximum AppleTalk ports per server depends on the number of slots available on the server; there is no separate limit for AppleTalk.
Note: If you add a card to the server, you still must configure the card using ADD Cards/Change Card Configuration on the VINES Server Configuration menu. AppleTalk port configuration does not replace this step. In addition, if you change a card on the server, you must also reconfigure the AppleTalk port.
With VINES 5.0 and greater, all the supported Ethernet, StarLAN, Token-Ring, and LocalTalk cards can be configured as AppleTalk ports. These same cards may support multiple protocols (such as VINES and TCP/IP) concurrently.
When you configure an AppleTalk port, you are, in effect, configuring the LAN segment attached to the port. You also use ADD a Port to add a special type of port called a VINES port. We discuss why and how to add VINES ports in "Special Cases".
You define the port with the ADD a Port menu. To reach this menu, follow these steps:
1. Use Start/Stop AppleTalk on the Manage AppleTalk menu to stop the AppleTalk software first. (You cannot add a port while the AppleTalk software is running.)
2. From the Manage AppleTalk menu, choose Manage Ports.
3. The Manage Ports menu appears. Use the arrow keys to select Add a Port. Press RETURN.
If ports are available, the ADD an AppleTalk Port menu in the following illustration appears, showing all interfaces available for configuration. (The same menu appears for both AppleTalk Phase 1 and Phase 2.) Any LAN connections previously defined as AppleTalk ports are not shown.
ADD an AppleTalk port
Use arrow keys to select from the list below and press <RETURN>
(There are 4 possible network interfaces for AppleTalk)
Interface Slot (AppleTalk port)
--------- ----
MICOM N15210 Ethernet 3
DaynaTALK 4
DaynaTALK 5
VINES
ESC to exit; F1 for help
If two LAN interfaces use the same name, use the slot number field to distinguish between them. The slot number tells you in which slot the LAN card is installed in the server. For example, if you have two DaynaTALK PC cards, the interface name is the same for both slots. However, one card might be in slot 4 and one card might be in another slot (5, for instance).
Use the arrow keys to select the port you want to configure. When you press RETURN, the menu shown in the following illustration appears.
Do you want this AppleTalk port to be a seed port?
YES NO
<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit; F1 for help
This screen asks you if this port is to be a seed port. Select YES for a seed port, NO for a non-seed port. "AppleTalk Seed and Non-Seed Ports" in Chapter 2 describes the difference between these types of port.
At least one router port per LAN segment should be configured with a seed port to provide the AppleTalk routing devices on that LAN segment with network number and zone information. This seed port can be on a VINES server or on another type of AppleTalk router. If there is only one AppleTalk router on the LAN segment, it should be configured with a seed port. If you designate seed ports on two routers on a LAN segment, you have an automatic backup if one port is unavailable.
Note: The seed ports on both routers must have identically configured information: the network number and zone information must match.
To help prevent network number conflicts, assign non-seed ports whenever possible. Non-seed ports automatically use the network number of another AppleTalk router that is running on the same LAN segment. Note that once a non-seed port has learned the network and zone information, it can then pass on, or "seed," that information to any AppleTalk node that subsequently needs to know it.
You should be aware that some non-VINES AppleTalk routers assign their own network numbers dynamically. Keep this in mind when assigning network numbers. If you have a small network, you can assign the port on the LAN segment connecting to that router as a non-seed port to ensure that both routers' network numbers are always the same. In a very large network, using the dynamic routing feature might make it difficult to keep track of network number assignment. Check the documentation for the router before deciding whether or not to use that router' s dynamic network number assignment feature.
If you are adding a seed port, see "Adding a Seed Port to a Phase 2 Network".
If you are adding a non-seed port, see "Adding a Non-Seed Port to a Phase 2 Network".
Adding a Seed Port to a Phase 2 Network
For seed ports on a Phase 2 network, you enter a port description, network number range, and default zone. These fields appear on the Set AppleTalk Port Configuration screen shown in the following illustration.
Set AppleTalk port configuration
For each field, type the appropriate information and press <RETURN>.
Description:
Network range start:
Network range end:
Default zone:
F10 when done; ESC to exit; F1 for HELP
The description field applies to the port only. The network number range and default zone fields apply to the port's LAN segment. The network number range identifies the nodes on the port's LAN segment to other AppleTalk routers on the network. (VINES servers function as AppleTalk routers if AppleTalk is active on the server or if the server is configured for routing through the VINES network.)
The rules for assigning network numbers and zone names are:
Each LAN segment must have a unique network number range associated with it. AppleTalk ports on that LAN segment must use the same network number range and zone list. You may configure up to 255 zone names for a LAN segment that supports extended addressing (Phase 2 Ethernet or Token-Ring). You configure the default zone when you add the port. To configure other zone names for a LAN segment, see "Managing AppleTalk Zones".
Note: LocalTalk LAN segments and VINES ports are special cases. Even if you are running Phase 2, the screens that appear are similar to those for Phase 1. We describe how to configure these types of ports in "Special Cases".
Using your network topology map or cable list, enter a description, a network range start number, and a network range end number for each seed port. Table 3-3 describes these fields.
Field | Description |
Description | Any name of up to 32 characters that makes this port easy to identify. |
Network Range Start | Any number from 1 to 65279 that is not used in the network number range of any other LAN segment on your network (or of a network that you plan to connect to your network). The number cannot overlap any other network range. (See examples of ranges in "Assigning Network Numbers and Network Number Ranges" in Chapter 2.) |
Network Range End |
Any number from 1 to 65279 that is not used
in the network number range of any other LAN segment on your
network (or a network that you plan to connect to your network).
This number must be greater than or equal to Network Range Start.
You must enter a number in this field; you cannot leave it blank.
There are no special rules concerning the size of the range; the network range start could be 1 and the network range end could be 65279. (See examples of network number ranges in "Assigning Network Numbers and Network Number Ranges" in Chapter 2.) Note that if you have a mixed network (one that contains both Phase 1 routers and Phase 2 routers-either VINES servers or other AppleTalk routers, or a network that contains a transition bridge), the network range start and network range end must be equal. For example, if the network range start is 5, then the network range end must also be 5. This is necessary to ensure compatibility with the Phase 1 segments. |
Default Zone | Any name of up to 32 characters that is initially associated with the network resources on this LAN segment. Remember that a zone is a logical grouping. It does not need to be related to its physical location. However, to be in the same zone, the LAN segments must be on the same internet. (In other words, if there are two LAN segments with the zone name Engineering and they cannot reach each other, they are considered two separate zones.) The default zone appears as the default zone name for the attached LAN segment. (To configure more zones or change the default zone for this LAN segment, use MANAGE ZONES to add the additional zone names.) |
The following illustration shows a sample Set AppleTalk port configuration screen for a seed port for a mixed phase network. Note that the Network Range Start and Network Range End fields are equal.
Set AppleTalk port configuration
For each field, type the appropriate information and press <RETURN>.
Description: Mktg LAN
Network range start: 44
Network range end: 44
Default zone: Marketing's LAN
F10 when done; ESC to exit; F1 for HELP
If you are creating a VINES AppleTalk port for routing through VINES (also called tunneling), choose a zone name that indicates this is a VINES AppleTalk port. For example, use the server name as the zone name or use the zone name of VINES.
Press F10 when you have entered the description. The screen shown in the following illustration appears.
Should this AppleTalk port be enabled?
YES NO
<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit; F1 for help
To enable the port, choose YES. Enabling a port does not immediately start the port. The port starts the next time AppleTalk is started.
If you do not want the port enabled, choose NO.
Adding a Non-Seed Port to a Phase 2 Network
To add a non-seed port, all you need to enter is a description. This description is any name of up to 32 characters that makes this port easy for you to identify.
Press F10 when you have entered all the information.
You do not enter network number or zone information because the port picks up this information from another router on the attached LAN segment.
When you add the port, the screen shown in the following illustration appears.
Should this AppleTalk port be enabled?
YES NO
<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit; F1 for help
To enable the port, choose YES. Enabling a port does not immediately start the port. The port starts the next time AppleTalk is started.
If you do not want the port enabled, choose NO.
There are two special cases in AppleTalk configuration that do not follow normal Phase 2 configuration rules: LocalTalk LAN segments and VINES ports.
LocalTalk LAN Segments
The physical characteristics of a LocalTalk network prevent it taking advantage of all of the features of Phase 2, even if it is participating in a Phase 2 network. Specifically, LocalTalk cannot use the extended addressing capabilities (which is why it is often referred to as a non-extended type of network). Since the AppleTalk protocol it uses resembles the Phase 1 protocol, the screens asking you for certain information for a LocalTalk LAN segment are similar to Phase 1 screens.
If you want to add the LocalTalk port as a seed port, follow the instructions in "Adding a Seed Port to a Phase 1 Network" in Appendix A. If you want to add this port as a non-seed port, follow the instructions in "Adding a Non-Seed Port to a Phase 1 Network" in Appendix A.
VINES Ports
A VINES port is a special type of port that is not associated with any card. It is a logical port. It is listed along with any ports available for configuration. You configure it as a normal AppleTalk port, but with the following differences:
VINES ports can only be seed ports. If you are defining a VINES port, you are not asked if you want it to be a seed port; it automatically is configured as a seed port. VINES ports, even in a Phase 2 network, have a single network number and a single zone assigned.
The network number for each VINES port must be unique throughout the network. The zone name can be the same as for another port. "VINES Ports" in Chapter 2 describes when to use a VINES port.
Using the MODIFY a Port menu choice, you can change the description, network number range, and default zone for an AppleTalk port. If the AppleTalk software is running, the only information you can modify is the description of the port. Stop the AppleTalk software if you want to modify other information.
To change the information for an AppleTalk port, use the arrow keys to select MODIFY a Port from the Manage Ports menu. For each port that has been configured, the information shown in Table 3-4 appears.
Field | Description |
Port | The slot number (port) in which the LAN card is installed. For a VINES port, this field displays the word VINES. |
St | The port's status as E (Enabled) or D (Disabled). This corresponds to the status chosen through the ENABLE/DISABLE an AppleTalk Port screen. To find out if a port initialized properly, use Display Port Status from the Manage AppleTalk menu. |
Description | The description entered as part of the port definition. |
Network Range |
For a seed port, this field shows the network
range assigned as part of the port definition. If the network
range start and network range end are equal, only one number
appears. For example, if the network range start and network
range end are both 10, only the number 10 appears; it does not
appear as 10-10. For a non-seed port, this field displays "non-seed,"
indicating that the port picks up its network number range from
another router on the LAN segment. If you change the network number range to a new range, reboot the Macintosh workstations on the affected LAN segment so that they pick up the new range. |
Default Zone | For a seed port, this field shows the default zone name assigned as part of the port definition. The default zone is the zone to which any node on a particular network belongs until a different zone is explicitly selected. For a non-seed port, this field is left blank, indicating the port picks up its zone list from another router on the LAN segment. You can press CTRL-F 9 (or the equivalent key combination described on the bottom line of the screen) to see all of the zone details for a particular port. The word "DEF" to the left of a zone name indicates the default zone. |
Follow these steps to modify a port:
1. Use the arrow keys to select the port you want to modify, and press RETURN.
2. Unless the port is a VINES port, you are asked again if you want this port to be either a non-seed port or a seed port. If the port is a seed port, the configuration program asks you if you want it to be a non-seed port. NO is highlighted. If you do not want to change the port' s type, press the RETURN key. To change the port's type, use the arrow keys.
If you cannot remember what type of port this is, use ESCAPE or the equivalent key to return to the Manage Ports menu. If the port is a non-seed port, "Non-seed" appears under Network Number or Network Range.
3. Now you can change any information for that port. (If a screen appears that allows you to change only the description for a port, it means that AppleTalk is still running. If AppleTalk is running, the description is the only information that you can change for a port.)
Note: If you are changing the zone information for a port, after you stop the AppleTalk software, you must wait for the old information to age out before you assign new information.
Verifying Age Out
To verify that the old zone information has aged out, use VNSM (the VINES Network and Systems Management software):
1. From the VINES Network Summary menu, choose SHOW topology information. Use the arrow keys to highlight the server and press RETURN.
2. From the Protocol Information screen, choose AppleTalk Zones.
3. On the Table Data screen, look to see if the old zone information still exists.
If the old zone information has aged out, use Start/Stop AppleTalk on the Manage AppleTalk menu to restart AppleTalk.
Using DELETE a Port, you can remove the definition for any port shown on the screen. Use the following steps to delete a port:
1. Use Start/Stop AppleTalk on the Manage AppleTalk menu to stop the AppleTalk software first. (You cannot delete a port while the AppleTalk software is running.)
2. Choose Manage Ports from the Manage AppleTalk menu.
3. The Manage Ports menu appears. Use the arrow keys to select Delete Port. Press RETURN.
4. Use the arrow keys to select the port you want to delete.
5. Press RETURN to delete the port. The screen shown in the following illustration appears.
DELETE an AppleTalk port
Do you really want to delete this AppleTalk port?
YES NO
<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit6. Use the arrow keys to select YES or NO, then press RETURN.
7. Use Start/Stop AppleTalk on the Manage AppleTalk menu to restart the AppleTalk software.
Enabling/Disabling an AppleTalk Port
Using the ENABLE/DISABLE an AppleTalk Port menu, you can disable an individual port without stopping AppleTalk, as a troubleshooting aid. The disabled port retains its AppleTalk node address, but is otherwise inactive.
Enabling a port when AppleTalk is stopped does not actually start the port; the port starts when AppleTalk is reactivated.
Caution: Do not use the ENABLE/DISABLE an AppleTalk Port menu to stop a non-seed port for modification. When the port is re-enabled, the software expects that the port information (network number range, zone) has not changed. Network conflicts can result if the information has changed. If you want to reconfigure a port, do not disable it first. Instead, just use Start/Stop AppleTalk to stop the AppleTalk software.
To enable or disable a port, follow these steps:
1. Choose Manage Ports from the Manage AppleTalk menu. The Manage Ports menu appears.
2. Use the arrow keys to select Enable/Disable Port. Press RETURN.
3. Use the arrow keys to select the port you want to enable or disable. Press RETURN. The ENABLE/DISABLE an AppleTalk Port menu appears, as shown in the following figure.
ENABLE/DISABLE an AppleTalk port
This port is currently disabled.
To change the port' s status, select Enable or Disable and
press <RETURN>.
ENABLE DISABLE
<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit; F1 for HELP.4. Use the arrow keys to select ENABLE or DISABLE. Press RETURN.
Caution: If you disable a VINES port, you disable tunneling to this server.
Using MANAGE Zones, you can add a zone, delete a zone, or change the default zone. This menu option only appears when you are working with a Phase 2 network and is only for seed ports.
To manage AppleTalk zones, follow these steps:
1. Use Start/Stop AppleTalk on the Manage AppleTalk menu to stop the AppleTalk software first. (You cannot manage zones while the AppleTalk software is running.)
2. Choose Manage Ports from the Manage AppleTalk menu.
3. The Manage Ports menu appears. Use the arrow keys to select Manage Zones. Press RETURN.
4. Use the arrow keys to select a port whose zones you want to manage. Press RETURN.
The menu in the following illustration appears.
MANAGE Zones
Use arrow keys to select a command and press <RETURN>
ADD a zone CHANGE default zone
DELETE a zone
Use arrow keys to select a choice and press <RETURN>
(There are 3 zones defined for AppleTalk port 3)
Zone Type Zone Name
--------- ---------
DEF Admin
Tax
Finance
ESC to exit; F1 for HELP
Note: Mixed phase networks, Phase 1 networks, and non-extended Phase 2 networks do not support more than one zone per LAN segment. A mixed phase network is restricted to one zone so that it is compatible with the Phase 1 routers.
At any time, you may add a new zone to your network, but you must add the zone (or zones) to all seed ports on the same LAN segment at the same time.
To add a zone, follow these steps.
1. Use Start/Stop AppleTalk on the Manage AppleTalk menu to stop the AppleTalk software first. (You cannot add zones while the AppleTalk software is running.)
2. Choose Manage Ports from the Manage AppleTalk menu.
3. The Manage Ports menu appears. Use the arrow keys to select Manage Zones. Press RETURN.
4. Use the arrow keys to select a port whose zones you want to manage. Press RETURN.
5. Use the arrow keys to select Add a Zone. Press RETURN. The screen in the following illustration appears.
ADD a zone
Type in the name of a zone used by the network attached
to this port. A zone name cannot exceed 32 characters.
The zone name can contain any alphanumeric character and
is treated as case-insensitive.
Zone name:
F10 when done; ESC to exit, F1 for HELP6. Type in the name of a zone used by the network attached to this port. A zone is an arbitrary designation for a particular segment of the network. Zones allow you to logically group together different resources, regardless of physical location.
A zone name cannot exceed 32 characters. The zone name can contain any alphanumeric character and is treated as case-insensitive. For example, ACCOUNTING, Accounting, and accounting are all considered to be the same zone name. Be sure not to add any trailing spaces in the zone name.
With AppleTalk Phase 2, you can have more than one zone per network. Any node in any part of the network can belong to any zone.
7. When you have finished typing the zone name, press F10 or RETURN.
If you have no more configuration changes to make, restart the AppleTalk software.
Changing the Default Zone for AppleTalk Services
When using a single non-seed AppleTalk port, you can now change the default zone that is automatically assigned to this port by the other routers on your cable segment. This ensures that you can assign all AppleTalk services to a single zone of your choice making it your new "default" zone.
To ensure that you can change the default zone for the port, verify that:
Your server is a non-router by having only one physical port configured for AppleTalk and by disabling AppleTalk tunneling (refer to Disabling AppleTalk Routing). The single AppleTalk port is a seed port. If the port is a non-seedport (displayed as such under Network Range), refer to instructions for a pre-existing non-seed port below.
Note: Even though the port is a seed port, be aware that it is not a router and cannot be used to ÒseedÓ the network.
To assign your chosen zone as the "default" zone for a pre-existing seed port, do the following:
1. At the Operator Menu of your server console, choose Manage Communications (option 7).
2. At the Manage Communications screen, choose AppleTalk (option 3).
3. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, if AppleTalk is running, choose Start/Stop AppleTalk (option 1) and stop AppleTalk.
4. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, choose Manage Ports (option 2).
5. At the Manage Ports screen, use F9 to display the list of zones assigned to the port. The screen displays the entire list of zones, if more than one has been assigned, and denotes the default zone with a DEF label.
6. At the Manage Ports screen, select MANAGE zones and select the single port displayed.
7. At the Manage Zones screen, the entire list of zones assigned to the port is listed under Zone Name and the default zone is labelled as ÒDEFÓ under Zone Type.
If the zone you wish to use is not in this list, and it is a valid zone for the attached network, use ADD a zone to add the zone name to the list. You do not need to delete any of the other zones to reassign the default zone.
8. At the Manage Zones screen, select Change default zone to display the Zone Names along with the ÒDEFÓ label under Zone Type for the default zone.
9. Select the desired zone name and press RETURN. At the query window asking for confirmation: Do you really want this zone to be the default? select YES.
To assign your chosen zone as the "default" zone for a pre-existing non-seed port, do the following:
1. Use MODIFY a port from the Manage Ports screen to change it into a seed port.
2. At the MODIFY an AppleTalk port screen, enter the Description and the port's correct Network Range (invalid entries include 0 and non-numeric data).
3. Enter the desired zone name as your "default" zone.
Note: Since the port was originally a non-seed port, it does not have a list of zones names associated with it. You must actually enter the desired zone name in the Zone Name field.
Refer to Chapter 2 for more information.
Restricting AppleTalk Services to a Single Zone
An administrator can now set up the VINES interface as an AppleTalk port in such a way that AppleTalk services on a server are registered in that portÕs zone only. This enables the system administrator to configure all AppleTalk services under one specific zone, even when multiple AppleTalk ports are configured.
You can configure the VINES interface as an AppleTalk port from your server console as follows:
1. At the Operator Menu of your server console, choose Manage Communications (option 7).
2. At the Manage Communications screen, choose AppleTalk (option 3).
3. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, if AppleTalk is running, choose Start/Stop AppleTalk (option 1) and stop AppleTalk.
4. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, choose Manage Ports (option 2).
5. At the Manage Ports screen, select ADD a port from the menu. The Set AppleTalk Port Configuration screen appears.
6. Enter the required information for Description, Network number (only one number, not a range, is required when configuring the VINES interface as a port), and the particular zone to which you want this port to belong.
Note: Do not configure more than one Zone for this port.
7. Press RETURN or F10. The Set Default Home Zone screen appears with the following query:
Do you want AppleTalk services on this server to be registered in this port's zone only?8. Choose YES (default is NO) to confirm that you want AppleTalk services restricted to the zone specified earlier.
9. Choose YES to enable this port at the Should this AppleTalk port be enabled? query.
The Manage Ports screen displays the VINES interface as being a configured AppleTalk port. The Default Zone field displays the specified zone name.
10. Press F9 to show zone details. The zone designated as Zone Type HOM (home) under Zone List is used to register AppleTalk services.
You can change the zone designated as HOM for the VINES interface by selecting MODIFY a port.
To change the name of the zone associated with an AppleTalk port, follow these steps:
1. Stop AppleTalk. The AppleTalk software cannot be running; if it is, the only information you can modify is the description of the port. Wait at least one minute for the port to age out of (disappear from) the network.
2. Choose Manage Ports from the Manage AppleTalk menu.
3. The Manage Ports menu appears. Use the arrow keys to select Modify a port. Press RETURN.
4. Select the port whose zone name you want to change. Press RETURN.
5. Use the arrow keys to position the cursor on the Default Zone field. Type in the new name and press RETURN.
If you have no more configuration changes to make, you can restart the AppleTalk software.
Note: If you are changing the zone information for a port, after you stop the AppleTalk software, you must wait for the old information to age out before you assign new information.
See "Verifying Age Out" for instructions on how to verify that zone information has aged out.
Deleting a zone removes the zone name from the zone list for the LAN segment attached to that port.
The zone cannot be the default zone for the LAN segment when you delete it. To delete a zone that is currently a default zone, make another zone the default zone. If you have only one zone and that zone is the default zone, follow these steps:
1. Add a new zone.
2. Make the new zone the default zone.
Now you can delete the old zone.
To delete a zone, follow these steps:
1. Stop AppleTalk. You cannot delete a port while the AppleTalk software is running.
2. Choose Manage Ports from the Manage AppleTalk menu.
3. The Manage Ports menu appears. Use the arrow keys to select Manage Zones. Press RETURN.
4. Use the arrow keys to select a port whose zones you want to manage. Press RETURN.
5. Use the arrow keys to select Delete a Zone. Press RETURN.
6. Use the arrow keys to select the zone you want to delete. Press RETURN. The menu in the following illustration appears, asking you to confirm your choice.
DELETE a zone
Do you really want to delete this zone?
YES NO
<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit7. Use the arrow keys to select YES. Press RETURN.
If you have no more configuration changes to make, you can restart the AppleTalk software.
Note: If you are changing the zone information for a port, after you stop the AppleTalk software, you must wait for the old information to age out before you assign new information.
See "Verifying Age Out" for instructions on how to verify that zone information has aged out. When you delete a zone, it eventually disappears from the choices that the user sees in the Chooser.
Routing Through VINES Networks
To manage routing through VINES, you do not need to stop the AppleTalk protocol since you are updating only routing information.
You use routing through VINES (or tunneling) if you want to reach an AppleTalk LAN segment, but the route through which you can reach it includes VINES servers that are not configured for AppleTalk. You can also use routing through VINES to connect a Phase 1 server with a Phase 2 server.
To use routing through VINES, both of the following conditions must be true:
The server you want to reach must have either an AppleTalk port (or ports) or a VINES port. You must designate the server as one you want to reach.
Figure 3-18 shows a sample use of routing through VINES.
In Figure 3-18, USCHI120 is running the AppleTalk protocol. There are Macintosh workstations connected to this server, that need to communicate with the Macintosh workstations on USCHI199. To get from USCHI120 to USCHI199, packets must pass through an unknown number of servers that are not running the AppleTalk protocol. The packets are able to pass through the VINES network using tunneling. (See "VINES Tunneling" in Chapter 2 for a description of tunnelling.)
If you look at this example from Server USCHI120' s point of view, USCHI199 must have either an AppleTalk port or a VINES port. If you look at this from Server USCHI199' s point of view, Server USCHI120 must have either an AppleTalk port or a VINES port.
You use the Manage Routing through VINES Networks menu to designate the server as one you want to reach. On Server USCHI120, for example, you must designate Server USCHI199 as a server you want to reach. You designate in one direction only. Table 3-5 shows an example of this.
On Server USCHI120 | On Server USCHI199 |
Designate Server USCHI199 as a server you want to reach | No designation necessary |
AppleTalk and VINES discovers the reciprocal route unless you use the Change Routing Restriction Menu to make a server restricted. A restricted server does not allow the server to which it tunnels to discover the route back. We describe restricting routing in "Changing Routing Restrictions".
Configuring Routing Through VINES
You configure routing through VINES using the Manage Routing through VINES Networks menu. From the Manage AppleTalk menu, choose Manage Routing through VINES Networks. (You do not need to stop AppleTalk first.) The menu shown in the following illustration appears.
Manage Routing through VINES Networks
Use arrow keys to select a command and press <RETURN>
ADD a server entry DELETE a server entry
ENABLE/DISABLE a server entry CHANGE routing restriction
Server: USCHI027 AppleTalk Phase 2 RUNNING
Routing RESTRICTED
Server Serial No. Status
------ ---------- ----------
USCHI199 2110852 ENABLED
USCHI207 3203829 ENABLED
ESBAR011 1987483 ENABLED
ESC to exit; F1 for HELP
If any servers have been configured for routing through VINES from this server, they are listed on this menu.
The functions that you can perform from this menu are shown in Table 3-6.
Field | Description |
ADD a Server Entry | Lets you designate a server as a destination server that supports encapsulation and de-encapsulation of AppleTalk packets. See the following section, "Adding a Server Entry." |
ENABLE/DISABLE a Server Entry | Lets you temporarily enable or disable the support for encapsulation and de-encapsulation to a particular server. See "Enabling/Disabling a Server Entry". |
DELETE a Server Entry | Lets you delete a server from participation in encapsulation and de-encapsulation. The server still exists in the VINES network, but is no longer sent encapsulated AppleTalk packets. See "Deleting a Server Entry". |
CHANGE Routing Restriction | Allows you to restrict which servers can communicate with this server using AppleTalk communications. See "Changing Routing Restrictions". |
These functions are the same whether you are using AppleTalk Phase 1 or Phase 2. We describe these functions later in this section.
The ADD a Server Entry menu lets you designate a destination server as one that supports the encapsulation and de-encapsulation involved in tunneling.
To add a server entry, follow these steps:
1. From the Manage AppleTalk menu, choose Manage Routing through VINES Networks. A menu similar to the one in "Configuring Routing Through VINES" appears, listing VINES servers with which you have communicated recently.
2. Use the arrow keys to choose a server to add to the list of servers that support encapsulation and de-encapsulation of AppleTalk packets. Press RETURN to specify the server.
If the server you want to add does not appear on this list, it means that the server has never communicated with the server you are using, or that it has not done so recently. To add a server that does not appear on the list, you must specify its serial number. Follow these steps to specify the serial number:
a. Press F2 (or press the equivalent keys for your keyboard; see the bottom line that appears on the menu for details.) A screen appears that prompts you for the serial number of the server you want to add.
b. Enter the serial number of the server you want to add. Press RETURN.
If your server is a restricted server, it can tunnel to a server only if your server has an entry for that server and only if that entry is enabled. (See "Changing Routing Restrictions" for information on restricting a server.)
Enabling/Disabling a Server Entry
Use ENABLING/DISABLING a Server Entry to temporarily disable or enable support for encapsulation of AppleTalk packets to and from a particular server. If you want to permanently remove support for encapsulation, use DELETE a Server Entry instead.
To enable a server for or disable a server from encapsulation support, follow these steps:
1. Choose ENABLE/DISABLE a Server Entry from the Manage Routing through VINES Networks menu.
2. Use the arrow keys to select ENABLE or DISABLE, then press RETURN.
If your server is a restricted server, you must explicitly enable any server with which you want to communicate. (For more information on restricted servers, see "Changing Routing Restrictions".)
Use DELETE a Server Entry to permanently remove support for encapsulation if routing is restricted on your server. ("Changing Routing Restrictions" describes restricted routing.) If routing is unrestricted on your server, deleting a server entry has no effect.
If you want to temporarily remove support for encapsulation, use ENABLE/DISABLE a Server Entry instead.
To delete a server entry, follow these steps:
1. Choose DELETE a Server Entry from the Manage Routing through VINES Networks menu.
2. Use the arrow keys to select YES to delete a server entry or NO to cancel the delete, then press RETURN.
The CHANGE Routing Restrictions menu lets you choose whether or not this server is restricted in its communications with any other server using AppleTalk communications.
To change routing restrictions, follow these steps:
1. Choose CHANGE Routing Restrictions from the Manage Routing through VINES Networks menu.
2. Use the arrow keys to select YES or NO, then press RETURN.
If you choose YES, the server is restricted. If you want a server to be able to communicate with this server, you must
1. Use ADD a Server Entry and add that server to the list of servers that can communicate with this server.
2. Enable the server, either by specifying that the server is to be enabled when you add it, or by later using ENABLE/DISABLE a Server Entry to enable it.
If you choose NO, the server is unrestricted. This server automatically can communicate with any other server that has this server enabled as a server entry using ENABLE/DISABLE a Server Entry. It can also communicate with servers you have not explicitly enabled. To then prevent communications with specific servers, add the server entries using ADD a Server Entry, then use ENABLE/DISABLE a Server Entry to disable these entries.
If you stopped the AppleTalk protocol to configure your network, you must restart it before communications can resume.
Note: If you are changing the zone information for a port, after you stop the AppleTalk software, you must wait for the old information to age out before you assign new information. See "Verifying Age Out" for instructions on how to verify that zone information has aged out.
To start the AppleTalk protocol, follow these steps:
1. Choose Start/Stop AppleTalk from the Manage AppleTalk menu. A screen appears as shown in the following illustration.
START/STOP AppleTalk
Do you really want to start AppleTalk?
YES NO
<RETURN> when done; ESC to exit.2. Use the arrow keys to choose YES.
3. Press RETURN.
You can now use Display Port Status, also from the Manage AppleTalk menu, to watch the status of the ports as they are activated.
Starting the VINES AFP Service
You do not need to configure or run the VINES AFP service in all situations. (See Managing VINES Services for more information.) If you are not using the VINES AFP service, you may skip this section.
When you start AppleTalk, you do not have to start the VINES AFP service manually. The VINES AFP service will start automatically within 5 minutes.
The reason why it can take as much as 5 minutes is that when you stop AppleTalk, the VINES AFP service goes into a 5-minute "sleep cycle." For 5 minutes, AFP remains inactive, and does not try to restart. After 5 minutes, the VINES AFP service checks to see if AppleTalk is running. If AppleTalk is running, the VINES AFP service tries again. If AppleTalk is running, but all the zones have not initialized, AFP will wait for 30 seconds, then try again. It will repeat this 30-second retry cycle twice, then start, registering itself with any zones that have initialized by this time.
If you are starting AppleTalk for the first time, the VINES AFP service will start immediately. If you stopped AppleTalk 2 minutes ago, when you restart it, the VINES AFP service will not restart for another 3 minutes, after it has completed its 5-minute sleep cycle.
You can disable AppleTalk routing on a VINES server with AppleTalk support by doing the following:
Configure only one physical port as an AppleTalk port. The VINES interface when configured as a port is not considered a physical port. Disable AppleTalk tunneling by setting Routing through VINES Networks to RESTRICTED and having no servers specified or enabled for tunneling.
To configure only one physical port as an AppleTalk port, do the following:
1. At the Operator Menu of your server console, choose Manage Communications (option 7).
2. At the Manage Communications screen, choose AppleTalk (option3).
3. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, if AppleTalk is running, choose Start/Stop AppleTalk (option 1) and stop AppleTalk.
4. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, choose Manage Ports (option 2).
5. Choose either ADD a port, MODIFY a port or DELETE port to make sure that only ONE physical port is configured. The port can be configured either as a seed or a non-seed port.
Note: The VINES interface is not a physical port and must not be configured as your single AppleTalk port.
To disable AppleTalk tunneling, do the following:
1. At the Operator Menu of your server console, choose Manage Communications (option 7).
2. At the Manage Communications screen, choose AppleTalk (option 3).
3. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, if AppleTalk is running, choose Start/Stop AppleTalk (option 1) and stop AppleTalk.
4. At the Manage AppleTalk screen, choose Manage Routing through VINES Networks (option 4).
5. At the Manage Routing through VINES Networks screen, ensure that Routing is RESTRICTED and that there are no server entries at all (either enabled or disabled).
Note: If there are server entries, use DELETE a server entry to delete all server entries, whether disabled or enabled. If Routing is UNRESTRICTED, use Change routing restriction to make it RESTRICTED. Now that only one physical port is configured and tunneling is disabled, you can start AppleTalk and your VINES server can function as an end-node with no AppleTalk routing capabilities. As a non-router, your server will not send AppleTalk routing updates or respond to requests made to AppleTalk routers. However, it does maintain full AppleTalk routing and zone tables for its own internal routing needs when sending out AppleTalk packets.
During this procedure, if you have followed the above procedures correctly, you will see the following warning messages in the server's system log:
WARNING: This server is currently running as an AppleTalk end node, and not as an AppleTalk router.
WARNING: To configure AppleTalk tunneling, AppleTalk must be stopped first on this server.
These messages are only informational in nature and do not indicate any server configuration problems.
The Display Port Status screen allows you to see whether or not the initialization of a port was successful. (Initialization occurs after you start AppleTalk.) To use the Display Port Status screen, follow these steps:
1. Choose Display Port Status from the Manage AppleTalk menu.
2. Press RETURN. A screen appears as shown in the following illustration.
Display port status
Port Net Node Status NetRange Flags NumZones
---- --- ---- ------ -------- ----- --------
VINES 690 128 CONFIRMED 690-690 617 1
3 555 128 CONFLICT 555-570 312 1
ESC to exit; F9 for zone details; F1 for HELP
For Phase 2, the Display Port Status Screen displays the information shown in Table 3-7.
Field | Description |
Port | Displays the slot number (port) in which the LAN card is installed. For a VINES port, this field displays VINES. |
Net | Displays the actual network number within the network number range of the LAN segment connected through this port. While the AppleTalk port is initializing, though, an unusual number may appear in this field. This is normal, and part of the initialization process. When the port is initializing, it uses a number in a preliminary startup range. It then probes to find an address in the real range. |
Node | Shows the node ID of the server on which this port resides. |
Status | Shows the status of the port. See Table 3-8 for a list of the statuses and their meanings. |
NetRange | For a seed port, this field shows the network range assigned as part of the port configuration. For a non-seed port, this field displays "non-seed," indicating that the port picks up its network number range from another router on the LAN segment. |
Flags | Indicates which flags are set for the routing table entry. These flags provide internal routing software with descriptive information about the entry. See Table 3-9 for a description of these flags. |
NumZones | Shows how many zones are configured for this port. If this is a non-seed port, this field shows how many zones were discovered (in other words, how many zones for which it received zone information). You can press CTRL-F9 (or the equivalent key combination described on the bottom line of the screen) to see all of the zone details for a particular port. The word DEF to the left of a zone name indicates the default zone. |
As each port is activated, it goes through an initialization process during which AppleTalk discovers the network number information and zone information. This is true even if ports are disabled. (Disabled ports, however, stop after the initialization phase.) For disabled ports, the status appears as USER DISABLED.
After a port has successfully initialized, the status changes to CONFIRMED. Table 3-8 lists all the statuses that might appear and what they mean.
Status | Meaning |
ALONE | The port is a seed port and was not able to find any other routers on its LAN segment. If you do not have any other routers on this LAN segment, this is a normal status. If, however, you do have other routers on this LAN segment, a status of ALONE indicates that this port cannot communicate with them. (See NEED INFO, following, for the corresponding status for a non-seed port.) |
CONFIRMED | The port has successfully initialized. |
CONFLICT | There is a problem with your configuration. AppleTalk shuts the port down automatically if there is a conflict. Look at the operating system error log for details of the conflict. |
INITIALIZING | The port is in the process of verifying configuration information and performing other functions that determine whether it becomes operational. |
NEED INFO | This port is a non-seed port and was not able to find any other routers on its LAN segment or any routers with seed ports that could give it its network number and zone information. If you do not have any other routers on this LAN segment, this is the expected status, and this port remains active. However, you should reconfigure this port as a seed port if there are no other routers on this LAN segment. If you do have other routers on this LAN segment, NEED INFO indicates that this port cannot communicate with them. (See ALONE, earlier, for the corresponding status for a seed port.) |
SHUTDOWN | This indicates an operating system problem that caused AppleTalk to shut down the port. It is an unusual error, one that would most likely happen if your server was not configured with a large enough communication buffer. (You configure the communication buffer using the VINES Server Configuration menu on the server.) Another probable cause would be if your network exceeded the node limit for AppleTalk. (For example, if you have more than 254 nodes on a mixed phase network.) |
USER DISABLED | The port was disabled by the user. (The port will not continue the initialization process.) |
The following section describes the routing table flags displayed on the Port Status screen. Some of the flags refer to specific protocol packets. The AppleTalk protocols are described in "Interaction Between VINES and AppleTalk" in Chapter 1.
The Flags field indicates which flags are set for the port entry. These flags provide internal routing software with descriptive information about the entry, such as whether the entry is a seed port, the state of the entry, and so on.
Each port entry has a 16-bit field that is used for setting flags. For example, if bits 0, 1 and 5 are set:
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
the value that is displayed on the screen is 23 (in hexadecimal).
The bit flags and their meanings are shown in Table 3-9.
Using the Port Status Flag Table
To discover which flags are set, convert the number displayed on the screen, 217, for example, from hexadecimal to binary, as follows:
217
200 = 001000000000
010 = 000000010000
007 = 000000000111
Take the result and apply it to the 16-bit field, as follows:
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
From this you can see that bits 9, 4, 2, 1, and 0 are set. Now look up these bits in Table 3-9.
Flag | Meaning |
Bit 0 (0x1) | If this bit is 1, the port was enabled manually through the AppleTalk configuration program. If this bit is 0, the port is disabled. |
Bit 1 (0x2) | If this bit is 1, the port is a seed port. If this bit is 0, the port is a non-seed port. |
Bit 2 (0x4) | The port no longer has to wait for its configuration information, such as zone names and network numbers, to be verified. The bit is set when the port is fully operational. |
Bit 3 (0x8) | The port is waiting for the results of an AppleTalk ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) probe broadcast. This broadcast determines whether the AppleTalk internet address that the AppleTalk software dynamically selected for the port is in use by another AppleTalk node on the attached LAN segment. For more information on the AppleTalk protocols, see Monitoring and Optimizing a VINES Network. |
Bit 4 (0x10) | For AppleTalk Phase 2 ports, the server sets this flag when the initial probe was successful and the server found an unused node ID within the startup range for the port. The address is considered preliminary, and does not become final until the re-probe succeeds. |
Bit 5 (0x5) | For AppleTalk Phase 2 ports only. The flag indicates that the AppleTalk ARP re-probe is in progress. The re-probe occurs after the first probe succeeds and the network range for the port is verified or discovered. The purpose of the re-probe is to determine whether the dynamically selected node ID is unique within the network range for the cable. |
Bit 6 (0x40) | For AppleTalk Phase 2 ports, this flag indicates that a GetNetInfo broadcast is being sent on the cable, and the server is waiting for a response. The purpose of this broadcast is to obtain or verify a network number or range of network numbers for the port. |
Bit 7 (0x80) | Indicates that a ZIP query is being sent on the port to obtain or verify a zone name or list of zone names for the cable. The flag is turned off when replies to the broadcast are received and successfully processed. |
Bit 8 (0x100) | Indicates that the port is not operational. This can be caused by any number of problems, ranging from no available AppleTalk internet addresses on the cable to insufficient communication buffers. When no AppleTalk internet addresses are available, they are all in use by other nodes on the cable. See Monitoring and Optimizing a VINES Network for information on increasing communication buffers. |
Bit 9 (0x200) | Indicates that the server is the only router on the cable associated with the port. |
Bit 10 (0x400) | Indicates that the port is for tunneling AppleTalk traffic through VINES. The port is not associated with a LAN card. |
Bits 11 through 15 | Reserved for future use. Currently, these bits are set to zero. |
To display the routing table for your AppleTalk network, follow these steps:
1. Choose Display Routes from the Manage AppleTalk menu.
2. Press RETURN. A screen appears as shown in the following illustration.
AppleTalk routes 3 table entries
# RngBeg RngEnd Port TTL Flags NxNt NxtNo Hops NZones Netid 1 690 690 0 20 11 690 128 0 1 2402626 2 2 2 0 8 17 95 128 2 0 24001127 3` 3 3 0 8 17 95 128 1 0 23110898
ESC to exit; F1 for HELP
This screen displays a list of the AppleTalk routes in this server's AppleTalk routing table. Each entry in the list contains several fields. Table 3-10 describes these fields.
Field | Description |
RngBeg |
Displays the first network number in the range
of network numbers for the destination network. For example,
if the network number range for the network is 5-7, this field
would display 5. If the destination network is a non-extended network, RngBeg and RngEnd display the same number. |
RngEnd |
Displays the last network number in the range
of network numbers for the destination network. For example,
if the network number range for the network is 5-7, this field
would display 7. If the destination network is a non-extended network, RngBeg and RngEnd display the same number. |
Port | The slot number of the port (that is, the interface) that the server uses to reach the destination network. If the port is a VINES port, this field displays the word VINES. |
TTL | Displays the current time-to-live timer, in two-second units, for this routing table entry. These timers are used to remove routing table entries for networks that are unreachable or are no longer in existence. If the timer expires before a Routing Table Maintenance Protocol (RTMP) update that contains the network number(s) of the network is received, the entry is removed. Each time an update is received and the update indicates that the network is reachable or still in existence, the timer is reset to 20 seconds. |
Flags | Indicates which flags are set for the routing table entry. These flags provide internal routing software with descriptive information about the entry, such as whether the destination network is reachable. See "Routing Table Flags" for a description of these flags. |
NxNt |
Displays the network number in the AppleTalk
internet address of the router that is used to reach the destination
network. Each AppleTalk internet address contains a network number
and a node ID. The network number identifies the network to which
the node belongs. The node ID uniquely identifies the node within
the network. If the destination network is directly connected to the server (that is, on the same LAN segment), this field displays the server's own network number for that network. |
NxNo | Displays the node ID in the AppleTalk internet address of the router that is used to reach the destination network. If the destination network is directly connected to the server (that is, resides on the same LAN segment), this field displays the server's node ID for that network. |
Hops | Displays the number of hops (that is, intermediate routers) to the destination network. If the destination network is directly connected to the server (that is, resides on the same LAN segment), this field displays 0 hops. |
NZones | The number of AppleTalk zones to which the destination network belongs. Each AppleTalk network has a zone list, which contains the names of the zones in the network. This field displays the number of entries in the network's zone list. |
Netid | If the route supports tunneling through a VINES network, this field displays the network ID of the VINES server that acts as the router on the other side of the network. Otherwise, this field displays 0. |
Each routing table entry has an 8-bit field that is used for setting flags. The value of this field depends on the specific bits that are set. For example, if bit 0 is set:
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
the value that the screen displays is 1. Values are displayed in hexadecimal.
The individual bits and their meanings are listed in Table 3-11. Note that the hexadecimal values in parentheses assume that just the specified bit is set. Keep in mind that multiple bits can be set.
Flag | Meaning |
Bit 0 (0x1) | The entry is reliable and can be used. |
Bit 1 (0x2) | The entry can be used, but has aged. The entry may not be reliable. |
Bit 2 (0x4) | The entry is not usable. It is about to be deleted from the routing table. |
Bit 3 (0x8) | The entry is for an AppleTalk extended network. Extended networks can have more than one network number. Extended networks apply to AppleTalk Phase 2 only. |
Bit 4 (0x10) | The entry is for an AppleTalk non-extended network. A non-extended network cannot have more than one network number. This type of network would be an AppleTalk Phase 1 network or a LocalTalk network. |
Bit 5 (0x20) | The server does not know the zone names for the destination network in the entry. |
Bit 6 (0x40) | The destination network is targeted for a Zone Information Protocol (ZIP) takedown. The network undergoes a ZIP takedown when the name of a zone to which the network belongs is changed. During a takedown, the network is unavailable. It is brought up by a ZIP bringup, which is a packet containing the name of the new zone. |
Bit 7 (0x80) | The gateway to the destination network is a VINES server. AppleTalk packets that are forwarded along this route are tunneled through a VINES network, which means that they are encapsulated in VINES Internet Protocol (VINES IP) headers. |
This chapter described how to configure servers to run AppleTalk Phase 2. If you need to configure a server for AppleTalk Phase 1, see Appendix A.
If you have finished configuring servers, or if you want to set up users for a server that you just configured, proceed to Chapter 4, which describes how to access the network from a workstation, and other day-to-day tasks.