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Chapter 2 - Connecting Your Network

Planning the Network Topology

A LocalTalk LAN Segment

Figure 2-1. A LocalTalk LAN Segment

An Ethernet LAN Segment

Figure 2-2. An Ethernet LAN Segment

Internet Routers

Figure 2-3. An Apple Internet Router Connecting LocalTalk Networks

Figure 2-4. VINES Server Acting as Internet Router

Keeping Track of the Network

Figure 2-5. Server Worksheet

 Server Name: USCHI001_________________________   AppleTalk Phase 2
   Restricted? (Yes/No)   No________________________
 Tunnel to these servers:  
 USCHI099_____________________________________  ______________________________________________
 USCHI113_____________________________________ ______________________________________________
 USCHI237_____________________________________ ______________________________________________
______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

 LAN Name  Description  Slot  Seed or Non-Seed  Network Number Range   Default Zone  Zone List
(none) VINES port VINES Seed 10 VINES VINES
Accounting (upstairs) 3 DOS workstations 1 Macintosh IIsi workstation 3 Seed 15-25 FINANCE FINANCE ADMIN
Apple Laser Writer Shared printing near Accounting Department 4 Seed 27 ADMIN ADMIN FINANCE CREDIT
Accounting executive area 3 Macintosh IIci workstations 5 Seed 30-35 EXEC EXEC ADMIN FINANCE CREDIT


Figure 2-6. Zone Names on (Phase 2) Topology Map

Choosing the Type of Network

AppleTalk Phase 1 and Phase 2

Phase 2 supports TokenTalk networks. (Phase 1 does not.)
Phase 2 on an extended network allows a theoretical maximum of 16 million nodes. (This theoretical maximum is subject to limitations, however, including distance.) Even using EtherTalk, a Phase 1 network can have a maximum of only 254 nodes. (A LocalTalk network, no matter which Phase it runs, is always limited to 32 nodes; it cannot reach the maximum of 254 nodes without an internet router.)
On extended networks such as Ethernet and Token-Ring, Phase 2 permits multiple zones.
Phase 2 offers improved performance on multiprotocol networks by reducing network interruption of non-AppleTalk nodes.
Apple Computer recommends that customers use Phase 2. Their strategic direction for networking products is based on the features of Phase 2. With Phase 2, your network can remain compatible with AppleTalk products.
If you already have a Phase 1 network, you can easily convert to Phase 2. Conversion is described in "Converting a Network to Phase 2" in this chapter.
Phase 2 is the default for AppleTalk in VINES 5.0 and is the phase used in our examples in the following chapters of this book.

Table 2-1. Summary of Differences Between Phase 1 and Phase 2

Feature Phase 1 Phase 2
Data Links supported LocalTalk, EtherTalk LocalTalk, EtherTalk, TokenTalk
Maximum nodes 254 nodes (except for LocalTalk, which is always limited to 32). A theoretical maximum of 16 million nodes (except for LocalTalk, which is always limited to 32).
AppleTalk zones Limited to 1 per LAN segment More than 1 per LAN segment (except for non-extended networks like LocalTalk, which is limited to 1).
Network efficiency Network traffic relatively heavy due to full routing updates and unnecessary traffic Reduced traffic through best router selection and split horizon technique.

Mixing Phases in a Network

Figure 2-7. Using a Transition Bridge

Network Types

Size of the Network

Table 2-2. Maximum Nodes

Data Link Implementation
Phase 1 Phase 2
LocalTalk 32 nodes 32 nodes
EtherTalk 254 nodes 16 million nodes
TokenTalk Not Supported 16 million nodes

Planning for Hop Counts

Figure 2-8. How a Tunnel Appears as One Hop

AppleTalk Ports

VINES ports
Seed ports
Non-seed ports

VINES Ports

You want to configure an AppleTalk port but the server has LAN cards that cannot support AppleTalk (for example, if the server is connected to an ARCNET network or uses an ICA card for X.25 communication).
You want to configure an AppleTalk port on a VINES server that would not otherwise have AppleTalk ports configured. For example, you have a server that has no Macintosh workstations on the attached LAN segment, but contains files that Macintosh workstations elsewhere on the network will access through AFP, the AppleTalk Filing Protocol. "VINES Tunneling" describes this in more detail.
You want a way to globally control tunneling on a server. (If you use the VINES port for tunneling, by disabling the port, you can disable tunneling globally for that server. "VINES Tunneling" describes tunneling.)

AppleTalk Seed and Non-Seed Ports

Examples of Seed and Non-Seed Ports

Figure 2-9. Single-Server Network with Seed Ports

Figure 2-10. Single-Server Network with Additional Router

Figure 2-11. Matching Seed Ports

Table 2-3. Seed Port Assignment

LAN Name Network Type Port Number Network Number Range Contents
Personnel printer LAN LocalTalk 3 10-10 One LaserWriter printer
Personnel LAN Ethernet 4 15-25 Three Macintosh workstations
Purchasing printer LAN LocalTalk 7 30-30 One LaserWriter printer
Purchasing LAN Ethernet 5 31-40 Three Macintosh workstations, two DOS or OS/2 workstations

Assigning Network Numbers and Network Number Ranges

Choosing Network Number Ranges for a Phase 2 Network

Accounting's LAN Network number range 1-5
Development' s LAN Network number range 6-10
Development' s printer LAN Network number 11
Shipping/Receiving' s LAN Network number range 12-16
Marketing' s LAN Network number range 17-21
Marketing' s printer LAN Network number 22

Accounting's LAN Network number range 8-10
Development' s LAN Network number range 60-62
Development' s printer LAN Network number 30
Shipping/Receiving' s LAN Network number range 16-45
Marketing' s LAN Network number range 1-3
Marketing' s printer LAN Network number 300

Choosing Network Numbers for a Phase 1 Network

Sales' LAN Network number 1
Sales' printer LAN Network number 2
Purchasing' s LAN Network number 3
Purchasing' s printer LAN Network number 4

Choosing Network Numbers for a Mixed Phase Network

Figure 2-12. A Mixed Phase Network

Assigning Zones

Table 2-4. Seed Port Assignment, with Zone List

LAN Name Network Type Port Number Network Number Range Default Zone Other Zones Contents of LAN Segment
Personnel printer LAN LocalTalk 3 10-10 PERS   One LaserWriter printer
Personnel LAN Ethernet 4 15-25 PERS PURCH
ADMIN
Three Macintosh workstations
Purchasing printer LAN LocalTalk 7 30-30 PURCH   One LaserWriter printer
Purchasing LAN Ethernet 5 31-40 PURCH SALES
MKTG
Three Macintosh workstations, two DOS or OS/2 workstations

VINES Tunneling

Figure 2-13. Tunneling Topology

Figure 2-14. Sample Use of Tunneling Through VINES

Contains a VINES file service or a print service (defined by MSERVICE at the workstation) which will be accessed from a Macintosh workstation
Has a LAN connection that physically attaches a device that requires AppleTalk

Using Tunneling to Connect Phase 1 and Phase 2

Figure 2-15. Connecting Phase 1 and Phase 2 Networks with Tunneling

Connecting an AppleTalk Network to a VINES Network

1. Make sure that the cable for the node is attached to the LAN card before you switch the power on.

2. Make sure that the cables are connected to the appropriate card on the server before you start the AppleTalk software.

Connecting a LocalTalk Network to a VINES Network

Table 2-5. Supported LocalTalk Cards

Card Bus Type
DaynaTALK DL/2 Micro ChannelTM bus
DaynaTALK DL2000 ISA (AT) or EISA
DaynaTALK PC ISA (AT) or EISA
DaynaTALK MC Micro Channel bus

Connecting PAP-Compatible PostScript Printers to a VINES Network

By installing a LocalTalk card (as listed in Table 2-5) on the server, and connecting the printer to the resulting LocalTalk LAN segment.
By using a bridge or other LocalTalk-to-Ethernet gateway between the printer (which uses LocalTalk cabling) and the server. You then use Ethernet to connect the bridge or gateway to the server.

Connecting to a VINES Ethernet Network

Connecting to a VINES Token-Ring Network

Converting a Network to Phase 2

1. Review your current network numbering scheme. If network number ranges overlap, you must assign new numbers. You might want to assign new network number ranges.

2. Review your zone assignment. Since AppleTalk Phase 2 running on an extended network allows multiple zones per LAN segment, you might want to devise a zoning scheme to take advantage of this. Use zones to logically group workgroups together. For example, you could use zone Mktg to designate the resources that belong to the work group called Marketing.

3. If you are using internet routers other than VINES servers, check the revision level of the software and verify that the software will support AppleTalk Phase 2. Obtain any necessary upgrades and instructions for installing the upgrades from your software supplier.

4. Check the revision level of the EtherTalk and TokenTalk drivers on your network. You must upgrade all Macintosh workstations using EtherTalk to AppleTalk Phase 2 drivers. (Nodes on LocalTalk LAN segments do not require conversion.) Obtain the necessary drivers and instructions for installing the drivers from your Apple Computer dealer.

5. If you are using third party network cards or third party network applications, check the revision level of the drivers and verify that the drivers will support AppleTalk Phase 2. Obtain any necessary upgrades and instructions for installing the drivers from your software supplier.

Conversion Methods

Bring down the entire network and convert it all at once. (This method is more practical for small- or medium-sized networks, or networks that do not need to operate continuously.)
Isolate the Phase 1 LAN segments temporarily. As each one is upgraded, join it back to the enterprise-wide network.
Use VINES tunneling or transition bridges so that Phase 1 LAN segments can still be a part of the network while waiting for conversion.

What to Do Next

Additional Reading

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